Let's get started. But how do we start?

We have to validate our theory with quantitative facts.

But how is this done?

We collect data related to a theory we want to validate.

Why do we collect data?

Data answer our questions related to a theory.

For Example: A company has developed a medicine (say A) which it claims is better than the one available in the market (say B).

Theory: Medicine A better than Medicine B

Validation (Statistical): We give medicine A to ten people and note down its effects (it might take some time). We also give medicine B to ten people for comparison and note down its effects. That is we note down data which are quantitative values.

Results (requires time and patience): If performance of A tested on 10 people is better than B, we claim that A is better than B.

So our theory (medicine A is better than medicine B) is backed by data.